Diabetic kidney disease develops in approximately 40% of patients who are diabetic and is the leading cause of chronic kidney disease worldwide. Although End Stage Renal Disease may be the most recognizable consequence of diabetic kidney disease, the majority of patients actually die from cardiovascular diseases and infections before needing hemodialysis.
Types of Diabetes:
1) Pre Diabetes/ diabetes
- Are overweight.
- Are 45 years or older.
- Have a parent, brother, or sister with type 2 diabetes.
- Are physically active less than 3 times a week.
- Have ever had gestational diabetes (diabetes during pregnancy) or given birth to a baby who weighed over 9 pounds.
- Are an African American, Hispanic or Latino, American Indian, or Alaska Native person. Some Pacific Islanders and Asian American people are also at higher risk.
2) Type 1 Diabetes
Type 1 diabetes is thought to be caused by an immune reaction (the body attacks itself by mistake). Risk factors for type 1 diabetes are not as clear as for prediabetes and type 2 diabetes. Known risk factors include:
- Family history: Having a parent, brother, or sister with type 1 diabetes.
- Age: You can get type 1 diabetes at any age, but it usually develops in children, teens, or young adults.
3) Gestational DM
- Had gestational diabetes during a previous pregnancy
Monitoring:Hemoglobin A1C every 3 months, urine protein ratio, creatinine check
Treatment:medications that can be taken orally and injections such as insulins and insulin derivatives
Reference:
-Alicic, R. Z., Rooney, M. T., & Tuttle, K. R. (2017). Diabetic Kidney Disease: Challenges, Progress, and Possibilities. Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology: CJASN, 12(12), 2032–2045. https://doi.org/10.2215/CJN.11491116
