The Problem: The complexity of Combinatorics and Charge interactions Imagine a thread with 20 different types of pearls, each capable of having 9 different rotational positions around the thread. Each pearl has distinct properties—some are positively charged, some are negatively charged, others are oily, and some are water-loving. These pearls are threaded together to form a long chain (~300-500 long). The challenge is to predict how this string of pearls will fold into a specific three-dimensional structure when immersed in water. The oppositely charged pearls start to attract each other, and oily pearls tend to club together and these [...]

Cancer is considered one of the foremost causes of morbidity and mortality across the world. Cancer causes dysregulation in several signaling pathways linked to cell proliferation, metastasis, resistance to apoptosis evasion, treatment failures in chemotherapy, etc. Current cancer therapies like chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and surgery are found to be only effective for a limited group of certain patients. This is because not all tumors are caused by the same mutations in the genome, and the tumor varies for everyone. Cancer, due to the complexity of its mechanisms and high diversity, demands the need for alternative therapeutic approaches in clinical science. [...]

There are rare cases in nature of biological immortality. The jellyfish Turritposis Dohrnii is considered biologically immortal because of its ability to revert from the adult Madusa stage back to the polyp stage via a process called transdifferentiation. Clonal immortality, as exhibited by the quaking aspen, tree is another intriguing case in which a single organism can achieve extraordinary life spans via regeneration through its root systems. Pando, a clone of the quaking aspen, is a remarkable example of this with root systems estimated to be over 10,000 years of age. Many organisms are also capable of fully regenerating limbs, [...]