"Could future depression treatments involve zapping the brain with no surgery required? Scientists are beginning to say yes. A promising field called neuromodulation is opening new doors in psychiatry. Could depression treatments involving zaps to the brain without surgery yield positive results? Scientists are beginning to say yes. The field of neuromodulation is opening new doors in psychiatric treatment methods. What is neuromodulation? According to the National Institute of Health (NIH), neuromodulation is defined as the alteration of neural activity in either three types of nervous systems: central, peripheral, or autonomic. Neuromodulation works to improve neuroplasticity and allows for a [...]

The Problem: The complexity of Combinatorics and Charge interactions Imagine a thread with 20 different types of pearls, each capable of having 9 different rotational positions around the thread. Each pearl has distinct properties—some are positively charged, some are negatively charged, others are oily, and some are water-loving. These pearls are threaded together to form a long chain (~300-500 long). The challenge is to predict how this string of pearls will fold into a specific three-dimensional structure when immersed in water. The oppositely charged pearls start to attract each other, and oily pearls tend to club together and these [...]

Cancer is considered one of the foremost causes of morbidity and mortality across the world. Cancer causes dysregulation in several signaling pathways linked to cell proliferation, metastasis, resistance to apoptosis evasion, treatment failures in chemotherapy, etc. Current cancer therapies like chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and surgery are found to be only effective for a limited group of certain patients. This is because not all tumors are caused by the same mutations in the genome, and the tumor varies for everyone. Cancer, due to the complexity of its mechanisms and high diversity, demands the need for alternative therapeutic approaches in clinical science. [...]